Lance head made of steel inlaid with gold 

This lance head presumably sat on a long, heavy cavalry lance of wood. The lance tip itself is three-sided and has three sharp edges, making it both solid, heavy and well suited for piercing armour. The conical socket in which the shaft was mounted is decorated with diagonal flutes and facets continuing up along the rounded transitional middle part. The three sides of the tip have recesses adorned with Persian verses inlaid in gold, concerned with war, love and the power of destiny over human life.¹

A small, circular mark (tamgha) has been added across the first verse, showing that the lance was at one point part of the Ottoman Hagia Eirene arsenal in Istanbul. Perhaps it is booty from the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 (27/1986) or a slightly earlier battle. Another unidentified mark of the same type has been added to the transitional section between tip and socket.

The importance of the lance as a weapon for warfare and hunting in the Islamic world is evident from miniature paintings. For example, a battle scene from the Turkmen, so-called Big Head Shahnama shows two riders carrying the same type of lance with a slender tip and an elongated socket (44/2006). In addition, there are many detailed descriptions of lance fighting in the so-called furusiyya manuals – Medieval, Arabic textbooks on the art of war (19/2001).